DC microgrid system for rural electrification

Abstract

Nowadays the demand of DC grid compared to AC grid is increasing. To meet the demands and for the betterment of our future the research on DC grid to electrify the rural areas is also increasing in numbers. The entire system consists of a front end Converter, point of load converters (acts as loads in houses) and a Bidirectional converter which charges and discharges the battery (acts as a backup of renewable energy sources). Basically DC microgrid maximizes the use of renewable energy[1]. Input 24V has been taken from solar panel A flyback DC DC Converter works as a frontend converter. Flyback Converter boosts the 24V DC to 72V DC by means of isolation transformer. The 72V DC is nothing but the grid voltage which supplies the point of load converters based on the load demand. A 12V battery has been charged and discharged by a Bi directional DC DC converter based on the availability of the solar. The main reason to use DC microgrid rather than AC grid to avoid the problem of losses and power factor. Present utility system provides AC which means the AC quantity is converted into DC before it is utilized. So in DC microgrid the number of power converters are also less than the AC grid as it does not need the intermediate power conversion (AC to DC).