Massive MIMO With Spatially Correlated Rician Fading Channels

Abstract

This paper considers multi-cell Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output)\nsystems where the channels are spatially correlated Rician fading. The channel\nmodel is composed of a deterministic line-of-sight (LoS) path and a stochastic\nnon-line-of-sight (NLoS) component describing a practical spatially correlated\nmultipath environment. We derive the statistical properties of the minimum mean\nsquared error (MMSE), element-wise MMSE (EW-MMSE), and least-square (LS)\nchannel estimates for this model. Using these estimates for maximum ratio (MR)\ncombining and precoding, rigorous closed-form uplink (UL) and downlink (DL)\nspectral efficiency (SE) expressions are derived and analyzed. The asymptotic\nSE behavior when using the different channel estimators are also analyzed.\nNumerical results show that the SE is higher when using the MMSE estimator than\nthe other estimators, and the performance gap increases with the number of\nantennas.\n