Carbon-Coated Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Composite Based Anode Material for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has received significant attention for use as an anode material for next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity (782 mAh g-1), which is more than twice of that of the commercialized graphite (372 mAh g-1). Several additional advantages, such as low cost, environmental friendliness, easy fabrication and natural abundance improve its promise. Although the theoretical capacity of SnO2 is high, volume expansion during cycling causes issue with cycling stability. In this study, an ordered mesoporous SnO2 was synthesized using a hard template (SBA-15), such that its mesoporous structure can buffer SnO2 particles from cracks caused by volume expansion. It can also allow effective electrolyte infiltration to ensure better reactivity of the active material with Li+ ions. The capacity of synthesized mesoporous SnO2 improved to 218.4 mAh g-1 compared regular SnO2 nanoparticles (69.6 mAh g-1) after 50 cycles at a rate of 0.1 C. Furthermore, carbon-coated mesoporous SnO2 enhanced capacity retention upon cycling (844.6 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C) by insulating and preventing the cracking of the active material during lithiation and delithiation.