Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based intelligent drug delivery system for bienzyme-responsive tumour targeting and controlled release

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel type of multifunctional envelope-type mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) to achieve cancer cell targeting and drug-controlled release. In this system, MSNs were first modified by active targeting moiety hyaluronic acid (HA) for breast cancer cell targeting and hyaluronidases (Hyal)-induced intracellular drug release. Then gelatin, a proteinaceous biopolymer, was grafted onto the MSNs to form a capping layer via glutaraldehyde-mediated cross-linking. To shield against unspecific uptake of cells and prolong circulation time, the nanoparticles were further decorated with poly(ethylene glycol) polymers (PEG) to obtain MSN@HA-gelatin-PEG (MHGP). Doxorubicin (DOX), as a model drug, was loaded into PEMSN to assess the breast cancer cell targeting and drug release behaviours. In vitro study revealed that PEG chains protect the targeting ligand and shield against normal cells. After reaching the breast cancer cells, MMP-2 overpressed by cells hydrolyses gelatin layer to deshield PEG and switch on the function of HA. As a result, DOX-loaded MHGP was selectively trapped by cancer cells through HA receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequently release DOX due to Hyal-catalysed degradation of HA. This system presents successful bienzyme-responsive targeting drug delivery in an optimal fashion and provides potential applications for targeted cancer therapy.