Modified Electrodes for Determining Trace Metal Ions

Abstract

Due to all the advantages of low cost, speed, and simplicity, electrochemistry has always represented a perfect choice to be selected in quantitative analysis particularly in the case of metal ions but with the drawback of specificity and sensitivity. With the arrival of nanomaterials, the problem of sensitivity and limit of detection has been overcome and a great variety of applications of electrochemistry especially in trace analysis are highlighted. Layers of materials can be arranged and manipulated to make the methods more specific to targeting analytes The opportunity is there for both older and newer methods to be beneficial in a large number of applications with superb analytical performance. This knowledge of modified electrodes can inspire newer and greater innovative applications of electrochemistry with the promising extension to other areas under current interests.