Indicators to address climate change impacts on marine ecosystems

Abstract

Summer schools are an important capacity building activity for Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem research (IMBEr; www.imber.info),a sister project of PAGES in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme.Summer schools provide training for students and early-career researchers in some of the techniques and methods used in IMBEr's cutting-edge research.The training also aims to equip young researchers to work in interdisciplinary teams and address global issues in coastal and marine socio-ecological systems.The fourth in the ClimEco (Climate and Ecosystems) summer school series, ClimEco4, focused on defining and constructing biophysical, social, and economic indicators for evaluating marine ecosystems and using them to inform policy and decision-making.