Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Studies in Lithium Batteries Using NMR

Abstract

The importance of interfaces in Li-ion batteries cannot be overstated. In this paper, the NMR approach is developed to extract the information on the electrode/electrolyte interphase in lithium battery materials, to probe the evolution of electrochemical behavior and/or failure mechanisms in the course of electrochemical cycling of lithium ion batteries. There are two approaches described, one to characterize interfacial species in non-paramagnetic materials, since NMR can be used to detect not only lithium, but also phosphorus, hydrogen, carbon, and fluorine; the other approach is to investigate paramagnetic materials using 6Li and 7Li. Coupled with techniques providing chemical information, such as XPS or FTIR, NMR is a great tool to study the interfacial processed in Li-ion batteries.