标准化牧场建设的原理与实践

Abstract

Currently, the restoration and reestablishment of grassland in China is facing many new opportunities and challenges. A large area of grassland in China has been suffered from the unreasonable utilization status, leading to many ecological problems associated with grassland degradation and low efficiency of pastoral animal husbandry production. To tackle these problems, we should absorb any advanced successful ideas on grassland animal husbandry management, and design current development strategy by using the system theory and sustainable development perspective. Then, an integrated management strategy is needed to boost the transfer of grassland animal husbandry from conventional rough management practices to modern integrated management strategies based on the standardization of demonstration ranches. The standardization demonstration ranch is the basis for the transition from the conventional grazing grassland to the modern grassland animal husbandry. Based on one or joint-family operation systems, a standardization demonstration ranch is considered an efficient and systematic value-chain production system for modern grassland animal husbandry. This refers to standardizing the procedures in forage production, nursing animals and animal production, and product processing and quality control through following integrated technologies and standard procedures. In this paper, we will review and summarize the development process, construction necessity, and standards and benefits of standardization demonstration ranches. We also took the grassland animal husbandry of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as an example and proposed strategic orientation and developmental thoughts for the standardization demonstration ranch, which will boost fundamental change of relations of production towards more responsive and sustainable production, leading to sustainable upgrades and transformation of plateau animal husbandry in the future. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.