Digital-Analog and Analog-Digital Converters

Abstract

To display or process a voltage digitally, the analog signal must be translated into numeric form. This task is performed by an analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter, or ADC). The resultant number Z will generally be proportional to the input voltage V i : % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuqr1ngBPrgarmWu51MyVXgatC % vAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaeHbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharyavP1wz % ZbItLDhis9wBH5garqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbb % L8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpe % pae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaam % aaeaqbaaGcbaGaemOwaOLaeyypa0JaemOvay1aaSbaaSqaaGabciaa % -LgaaeqaaOGaei4la8IaemOvay1aaSbaaSqaaGabaiaa+XeacaGFtb % Gaa4Nqaaqabaaaaa!4425! $$ Z = V_i /V_{LSB} $$ where VLSB is the voltage unit for the least significant bit; that is, the voltage for Z = 1.