Ferroelectric Polarization in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Perovskite

Abstract

We report on ferroelectric polarization behavior in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in the dark and under illumination. Perovskite crystals with three different sizes of 700, 400, and 100 nm were prepared for piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements. PFM results confirmed the formation of spontaneous polarization in CH3NH3PbI3 in the absence of electric field, where the size dependency to polarization was not significant. Whereas the photoinduced stimulation was not significant without an external electric field, the stimulated polarization by poling was further enhanced under illumination. The retention of ferroelectric polarization was also observed after removal of the electric field, in which larger crystals showed longer retention behavior compared to the smaller sized one. Additionally, we suggest the effect of perovskite crystal size (morphology) on charge collection at the interface of the ferroelectric material even though insignificant size dependency in electric polarization was observed.