Self-Templating Synthesis of SnO₂–Carbon Hybrid Hollow Spheres for Superior Reversible Lithium Ion Storage

Abstract

This paper reports a novel self-templating methodology for the formation of SnO(2)-carbon hybrid hollow spheres by using Sn spheres as sacrificing templates. The time-sequenced structural evolution of the templates indicates that the nanoscale Kirkendall effect plays a critical role in the transformation from Sn spheres to the hybrid hollow spheres. Moreover, the as-synthesized SnO(2)-carbon hybrid hollow spheres have been applied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which exhibit a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency and better cycling performance than pure SnO(2) hollow spheres.