Object-based Watermarking Using Object Shape Features

Abstract

An object-based watermarking scheme is described. Watermarks are embedded into objects by employing object features : a center of an area and outline. Our schemes are available for the MPEG-4 standard to access objects directly within a video sequence. They are also available for one of the second generation watermarking schemes to improve robustness by employing significant parts or features of the data in the watermarking process. Experimental results show the methods are robust against object geometric manipulation such as scaling, rotation, and shape subsampling and are also robust against a Stir Mark 3.1 attack.