Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy Optimized Using PSO for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicle

Abstract

Compared with battery-based electric vehicles, multiple energy sources electric vehicles are one of the most promising technologies for urban transportation. Except that dynamic behavior, specific energy and specific power of each source makes their power control hard. Good energy management for such systems is required to have an optimal power distribution between different sources and load. In this paper, electric vehicle with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a main source connected to the DC bus via a boost DC-DC converter and Nickel/Cadmium battery as an auxiliary source connected to the DC bus via a buck-boost DC-DC converter. In the high control level, on line Rule-based vehicle energy management strategy (VEMS) is applied and compared with an optimized one; the optimization was done with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to get minimal fuel consumption with good control of battery state of charge (SOC). MATLAB/Simulink is used to evaluate the proposed strategy