AMHC: Adaptive Multi-Hop Clustering based Resource Discovery Architecture for Large Scale MANETs

Abstract

In this study we propose an efficient clustering protocol called AMHC used for resource discovery in large scale Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). AMHC is an Adaptive Multi-Hop Clustering generating several non-overlapping network localities (clusters) with explicit elected cluster-heads. Every cluster member is on average d hops away from its cluster-head, where d is an integer parameter for the protocol. The generated set of clusters are highly stable and has low restructuring frequency that takes into consideration the dynamic network topology due to nodes mobility and depleted energy. The head election process is a distributed process based on a node’s weight formula calculated by every node independently. The node’s weight involves the current energy level, the current neighborhood degree and distance (in number of hops) between the nominated head and the voting node. The cluster-head is responsible of coordinating intra-cluster and inter-cluster resource discovery activities. Inter-cluster communication is handled through gateway nodes which hear from more than one cluster and able to connect clusters with each other. The aim of AMHC is to identify all the possible gateways for creating highly fault-tolerant architecture. AMHC is an asynchronous, scalable and robust architecture capable of handling large amount of resource queries with high degree of power and communication efficiency. We conducted a comparative study using simulation to demonstrate AMHC’s efficiency and superiority against other recently proposed clustering algorithms in the literature. The comparison is based on: number of generated clusters, average cluster size, cluster stability and nodes re-affiliation. These results show a lot of promise for AMHC as efficient, energy-aware, load-balance and fault tolerant resource discovery architecture for large-scale MANETs.