The efficiency of existing thermoelectric power generators is much lower than mechanical engines. We discuss the similarities and differences between solid-state thermoelectric devices and other thermal engines. In nanostructured materials, non-equilibrium energy and current transport could be important. We describe the transition between ballistic and diffusive regimes and how this can alter the thermoelectric effects and improve the energy conversion efficiency.
Mario F. BorundaHolger HennigEric J. Heller