Activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass‐phenolic resin

Abstract

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass of agricultural/industrial by‐products residues was taken after the pressing and extraction of olive‐oil and lignin Klason and a‐cellulose were isolated. Also, phenol‐formaldehyde was polymerized by using an acid catalyst. Various mixtures of lignocellulosic materials and novolac resin were cured with haxamethylenetetramine and then pyrolyzed up to 1000°C. The IR‐Spectrum of the cured material consisted of 20% novolac and 80% cellulose is practically similar to that of 100% cellulose. The corresponding material with lignin Klason instead of cellulose has different IR‐Spectrum compared to that of 100% lignin, because of additional reactions taken place between lignin and novolac under curing conditions. The weight losses, the shrinkages at the end of the pyrolysis, the specific surface area of the carbonaceous materials produced and their adsorption abilities of methylene blue and alizarin yellow from aqueous solutions were determined. The material consisted of 20% novolac and 80% cellulose or 80% lignin, appears as optimum characteristics of production process. The experimental results are also discussed under the aspect of sample shapes that influence the adsorption as well as the electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions between the functional groups of dyes and the carbonaceous materials. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.