Optical fibers may be doped with rare earth ions using several methods. While bulk methods such as rod-in-tube may be employed low-loss fiber requires adaptations of standard fiber fabrication processes namely modified chemical vapor deposition and vertical axial deposition. After discussion of these variations some design issues related to optical amplifiers are discussed.
Gauri KarveBipin BihariRay T. Chen
Jean‐Luc AdamF. SmektalaEmmanuel DenoueJacques Lucas
J. SahuArkoprovo BiswasArjun DeyH. N. Acharya
Emmanuelle JosseJean‐Emmanuel BroquinÉric LebrasseurGilles FonteneauR. RimetB. JacquierJacques Lucas