<title>Sampling-related errors in nonparaxial kinoforms</title>

Abstract

Kinoform is a phase modulating computer-generated hologram. Most often, algorithms for nonparaxial kinoform synthesis use discrete propagation operators and solution is given in a discrete form. Kinoform is obtained by interpolation from these discrete samples in its plane. This paper gives the relationship between the continuous reconstruction of that kinoform and the discrete synthesis solution in the image plane. The relationship allows us to describe complex amplitude distribution in diffraction orders, predicts the possibility of speckle-like reconstruction, and is a basis for an efficient method of zero-order image calculation. Spatial frequency filtering properties of discrete algorithms are analyzed and criteria for algorithm sampling parameters are derived.