Mode transition in high refractive index coated long period gratings

Abstract

In this work, the numerical and experimental investigation of the cladding modes re-organization in high refractive index (HRI) coated Long Period Gratings (LPGs) is reported. Moreover, the effects of the cladding modes re-organization on the sensitivity to the surrounding medium refractive index (SRI) have been outlined. When azimuthally symmetric nano-scale HRI coatings are deposited along LPGs devices, a significant modification of the cladding modes distribution occurs, depending on the layer features (refractive index and thickness) and on the SRI. In particular, if layer parameters are properly chosen, the transition of the lowest order cladding mode into an overlay mode occurs. As a consequence, a cladding modes re-organization can be observed leading to relevant improvements in the SRI sensitivity in terms of wavelength shift and amplitude variations of the LPGs attenuation bands.