A finite element formulation of a viscoelastic model for dielectric elastomers

Abstract

Abstract Smart materials by definition, are solids, fluids or gases which react independently on changing external conditions and modify one or more properties without external stimuli. Sensu lato an external energy can produce the reaction, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, magnetic or electric fields. The distinguishing characteristic for electroactive polymers (EAP) is, that they react with a deformation by the application of an electrical field. This contribution presents a nonlinear electro‐viscoelastic model for dielectric elastomers and its finite element implementation. This type of smart materials belong to the group of EAP's and consists out of soft elastomer between compliant and conducting electrodes. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)