Review: Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Trace Heavy Metals Using Screen-Printed Electrodes

Abstract

The present development of electroanalysis has produced rapid, convenient, and reliable decentralized monitoring of trace metals. Disposable screen-printed electrodes are promising alternatives to conventional bulky electrodes that provide portable detection instrumentation. In this mini-review, current developments in the design and fabrication of screen-printed sensors are described along with their applications in the stripping determination of trace heavy metals. Starting with a description of the preparation procedures of screen-printed electrodes and an introduction of their fundamental features, this article summarizes the applications of bare and modified screen-printed carbon electrodes in determining trace metals. Special attention is placed on highlighting developing trends of detecting heavy metals with the help of the electrochemical stripping strategy.