Molecular Methods for the Detection and Identification of Viral Pathogens

Abstract

This article addresses the use of nucleic acid amplification technology, specifically polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of viral nucleic acids in tissue specimens. Two different approaches are being used for the detection of viral DNA in tissue by PCR, solution PCR and in situ PCR (ISPCR). Solution PCR is the classic form of the procedure that uses DNA isolated from cells or tissue as target. ISPCR is where target DNA amplification occurs in the cell or tissue and the amplified product is visualized within the context of the intact specimen.Solution PCR is a very powerful technique for detection of viruses in tissue. While solution PCR does not afford target localization capability, it is a well researched and highly utilized procedure that can be readily adapted to routine use in a clinical laboratory. Unfortunately, the inherent difficulties associated with ISPCR obviates its use in the clinical laboratory. At present, ISPCR is in the developmental stages and its use should be restricted to the research laboratory. (The J Histotechnol 18:225, 1995)