<title>Design and simulation of erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers</title>

Abstract

The erbium doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) provides the benefits of high gain per unit length and compact size. We use the erbium two-level system model with the measured material properties and waveguide properties to study the amplifier performance dependence on operating conditions and EDWA lengths. We have established a modeling, simulation, and designing framework to systematically study the amplifier performance issues from materials to device packaging. Simulations of two EDWA examples based on alumino-silicate and phosphate glasses are carried out in detail.