Cavitation detection at megahertz frequencies

Abstract

Onset of cavitation is monitored at ultrasound frequencies between 0.75 and 3 MHz, in both aerated and degassed media. Three different classes of criteria are used: physical effects (subharmonic generation and sonoluminescence), chemical effects (iodine release and ferrous ion oxidation), and biological effects (cell lysis and other forms of cell death). The effect of pulsing the field on these phenomena is illustrated and discussed.