多文化主義,人権そしてレイシズム (上) : 「オーストラリア民主主義」の一考察

Abstract

In 1995， the First Global Cultural Diversity Conference was held in Sydney. At that conference， P.Keating， Prime Minister of Australia， took pride in "Australian Democracy"， saying "Australia is one of the most successful societies in multiculturalism". But after that， the phenomenon ridiculing multiculturalism has been coming into existence in Australian politics. It is the so-called Hansonism. Pauline Hanson founded a racist party "Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party" in 1997. The party insists on abolishing the policy of multiculturalism and restricting immigrants to Australia. At the same time the party is notorious for despising Aboriginal and Asian people. Nevertheless this party gained 8.4 % of the number of votes across the nation in the election of Members of Federal Parliament in 1998. The problem is not "Hansonism" itself， but the extent of racism in Australia which is behind "Hansonism". One paper that analyzed "Hansonism" pointed out the existence of "hard racism" and "soft racism" in Australian society. According to the paper， "hard racism" is closely connected with "Hansonism” but it is "soft racism" that backs up "Hansonism" extensively. This opinion seems persuasive to me. There is a deep-rooted myth about Australia. It is that the nation has had " a liberal and democratic tradition". Not a few Japanese people also believe that there has been an excellent democratic tradition in Australia. It is certain that one aspect of democracy has existed in Australia， but the nation has not had the tradition of democracy. There has been a deep darkness in Australian history. The main purpose of this paper is analyzing the nature of "Australian democracy".