Quantum Theory of Thermoelectric Power (Seebeck Coefficient)

Abstract

The conductivity σ is positive, but the Seebeck coefficient S can be positive or negative. We see that in Fig. 1, the measured Seebeck coefficient S in Al at high temperatures (400 – 670 ◦C) is negative, while the S in noble metals (Cu, Ag, Au) are positive (Rossiter & Bass, 1994). Based on the classical statistical idea that different temperatures generate different electron drift velocities, we obtain S = − cV 3ne , (1.4)